Imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana, imibhoshongo yokuphakelwa kwamanzi, imibhoshongo yamagridi kagesi, izigxobo zezibani zasemgwaqweni, izigxobo zokuqapha… Izakhiwo ezihlukene zombhoshongo ziyingqalasizinda esemqoka emadolobheni. Isenzo “sombhoshongo owodwa, isigxobo esisodwa, inhloso eyodwa” sivamile uma kuqhathaniswa, okuholela ekumoshweni kwezinsiza kanye nokwenyuka kwezindleko zokwakha ngenjongo eyodwa; ukwanda kwezigxobo zocingo nemibhoshongo kanye namanethiwekhi olayini aminyene kungase kubangele “ukungcoliswa okubonakalayo” futhi kwenyuse izindleko zokusebenza. Ezindaweni eziningi, iziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana manje sezihlanganiswe nezigxobo zomphakathi nemibhoshongo, zabelana ngengqalasizinda ukuze kwandiswe ukusetshenziswa kwezinsiza.

1.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nombhoshongo wenhlanganisela yesihlahla sezwe

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha angama-25-40 futhi kungenziwa ngokwezifiso ngokuya ngendawo yendawo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: Amapaki edolobha, izindawo eziheha izivakashi

Izinzuzo: Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana uhlanganiswe nendawo yendawo, unokubukeka okuluhlaza nokuvumelanayo, muhle futhi unobuhle, futhi uhlanganisa indawo yonke.

Ukungalungi: izindleko eziphezulu zokwakha kanye nezindleko eziphezulu zokulondoloza.

2.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana nokuqapha imvelo okuhlanganisiwe

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-15-25 futhi kungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: amapaki, amaplaza olwandle, izindawo eziheha izivakashi noma izindawo ezidinga ukuqapha kwemvelo ngesikhathi sangempela.

Izinzuzo: Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana uhlanganiswe nombhoshongo wokuqapha imvelo, ongaqapha izinga lokushisa, umswakama, i-PM2.5 kanye nezinguquko zesimo sezulu esizayo ezindaweni zomphakathi, kuyilapho futhi uhlinzeka ngokufaka isignali okuqhubekayo kubantu abaseduze.

Ukungalungi: Izindleko zokwakha eziphezulu.

3.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana namandla omoya ahlanganisiwe umbhoshongo

Ukuphakama okuvamile ngamamitha angu-30-60, okungahle kulungiswe ngokuvumelana nemvelo yendawo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: izindawo ezivulekile ezinamandla omoya amaningi.

Izinzuzo: Ukufakwa kwesignali kubanzi, amandla omoya akhiqizwayo angasetshenziselwa iziteshi eziyisisekelo zokuxhumana, ukwehlisa izindleko zikagesi, futhi amandla asele anganikezwa kwezinye izimboni nemizi.

Ukungalungi: Izindleko zokwakha eziphezulu.

4.Inhlanganisela yombhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nombhoshongo wegridi yamandla

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile ngamamitha angama-20-50, futhi indawo ye-antenna ingalungiswa ngokuya ngombhoshongo wegridi yamandla.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: imibhoshongo yegridi yamandla ezintabeni naseceleni komgwaqo.

Izinzuzo: Imibhoshongo efanayo ingatholakala yonke indawo. Ama-antenna array angengezwa ngokuqondile emibhoshongweni yegridi yamandla ekhona. Izindleko zokwakha ziphansi futhi isikhathi sokwakha sifushane.

Ukungalungi: Izindleko eziphezulu zokulondoloza.

5.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nenhlanganisela ye-crane tower

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile ngamamitha angama-20-30, futhi indawo ye-antenna ingalungiswa ngokuya ngombhoshongo olengayo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: bonisa izindawo eziyimpumputhe njengamachweba namatheku.

Izinzuzo: Guqula ngokuqondile ama-cranes amadala alahliwe, sebenzisa izinsiza zezwe, futhi ube nokucasha okuphezulu.

Ukungalungi: Kunzima ngandlela-thile ukunakekela.

6.Inhlanganisela yombhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nombhoshongo wamanzi

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile ngamamitha angama-25-50, futhi indawo ye-antenna ingalungiswa ngokuya ngombhoshongo wamanzi.

Isigcawu esisebenzayo: bonisa indawo eyimpumputhe eduze kombhoshongo wamanzi.

Izinzuzo: Ukufaka ubakaki we-antenna ngqo kumbhoshongo wamanzi okhona kunezindleko eziphansi zokwakha kanye nesikhathi sokwakha esifushane.

Ububi: Imibhoshongo yamanzi ezindaweni zasemadolobheni iya ngokuya ingavamile, futhi imbalwa kakhulu elungele ukulungiswa.

7.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nenhlanganisela yebhodi lokukhangisa

Ukuphakama okuvamile kungamamitha angu-20-35, futhi kungashintshwa ngesisekelo samabhodi akhona.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: bonisa izindawo eziyimpumputhe lapho kukhona amabhodi okukhangisa.

Izinzuzo: Ukufaka ama-antenna ngokuqondile kumabhodi ezikhangiso akhona kunezindleko eziphansi zokwakha kanye nesikhathi sokwakha esifushane.

Ukungalungi: ubuhle obuphansi futhi kunzima ukulungisa i-antenna.

8.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nesigxobo senhlanganisela yenqwaba yokushaja

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-8-15, okungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: izindawo zokuhlala, izindawo zokupaka, nemigwaqo engenalutho.

Izinzuzo: Isigxobo sokuxhumana kanye nenqwaba yokushaja kuyadidiyelwa, kusabela obizweni lukazwelonke lokongiwa kwamandla kanye nokuvikelwa kwemvelo, ukuhlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zokushaja inani elandayo lezimoto zikagesi, kanye nokuhlinzeka ngokutholakala kwamasignali okuqhubekayo emiphakathini, ezigcawini, nasemaceleni emigwaqo.

Okubi: Ibanga lokumboza isignali lilinganiselwe futhi lingasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo samasignali eziteshini ezinkulu zokuxhumana.

9.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nesigxobo sokuhlanganiswa kwezibani zomgwaqo

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-10-20, okungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo kanye nesitayela.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: izindawo eziminyene njengemigwaqo yasemadolobheni, imigwaqo yabahamba ngezinyawo, nezikwele zomphakathi.

Izinzuzo: Izigxobo zokuxhumana kanye nezigxobo zokukhanya zasemgwaqweni zihlanganiswe ukuze kukhanye ukukhanya komphakathi futhi kunikeze ukumbozwa kwesiginali ezixukwini eziminyene. Izindleko zokwakha ziphansi.

Okubi: Ukumbozwa kwesignali kukhawulelwe futhi kudinga izigxobo zokukhanya zasemgwaqweni eziningi ukuze kukhavwe okuqhubekayo.

10.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nesigxobo esihlanganisa ukubhekwa kwevidiyo

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-8-15, okungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo kanye nesitayela.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: izimpambano zomgwaqo, izindawo zokungena zezinkampani, nezindawo lapho izimpumputhe zidinga ukugadwa.

Izinzuzo: Ukuhlanganiswa kwezigxobo zokuxhumana kanye nezigxobo zokuqapha kwenza ukuba umphakathi uqaphe ukuhamba ngezinyawo nezimoto, kunciphisa amazinga obugebengu, futhi kunikeze ukumbozwa kwezimpawu zabahamba ngezinyawo ngezindleko eziphansi.

Okubi: Ukufakwa kwesiginali kunqunyelwe futhi kungasetshenziswa njengesithasiselo samasignali eziteshini ezinkulu zokuxhumana.

11.Inhlanganisela yombhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nekholomu ye-landscape

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-6-15, okungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo kanye nesitayela.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: izikwele zedolobha, amapaki, namabhande aluhlaza omphakathi.

Izinzuzo: Isigxobo sokuxhumana sihlanganiswe nekholomu ye-landscape, engaphazamisi ubuhle bendawo yendawo futhi inikeza ukukhanya nokumbozwa kwesignali ngaphakathi kwekholomu.

Okubi: Ukufakwa kwesiginali okukhawulelwe.

12.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nesigxobo sokuhlanganiswa sophawu lwesixwayiso

Ukuphakama okujwayelekile kungamamitha ayi-10-15 futhi kungalungiswa ngokuya ngendawo yendawo.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: Izindawo ezidinga izexwayiso njengezinhlangothi zombili zomgwaqo kanye nonqenqema lwesikwele.

Izinzuzo: Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana uhlanganiswe nombhoshongo wokuqapha imvelo ukuze unikeze isiqondiso nesixwayiso kwabadlula ngendlela, kuyilapho futhi unikeza ukumbozwa kwamasignali okuqhubekayo.

Ukungalungi: Ukufakwa kwesiginali okukhawulelwe, okudinga izimpawu eziningi zesexwayiso ukuze kuqhutshekwe nokufakwa.

13.Umbhoshongo wokuxhumana ohlanganiswe nokukhanya okuluhlaza

Ubude obujwayelekile buyimitha elingu-0.5-1, indawo ye-antenna iyalungiseka, futhi ukumbozwa kuphezulu.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: amabhande aluhlaza okuhlala, amapaki, izikwele, njll.

Izinzuzo: Ihlanganisa ukukhanya okuluhlaza, okokuxosha omiyane, nezimpawu zokuxhumana. Izibani zasebusuku zithuthukisa ubuhle bebhande eliluhlaza.

Ububi: Ukufakwa okukhawulelwe.

14.Ukuhlanganisa imibhoshongo yokuxhumana namandla elanga

Ingalungiswa ngokuya ngobude bephansi lapho i-heater yamanzi ikhona.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: uphahla lwezindlu, uphahla lwezindawo zokuhlala.

Izinzuzo: Shintsha ngokuqondile izishisi zamanzi zelanga zasendlini noma amajeneretha elanga ukuze kwandiswe izindawo zokugcina izinti.

Ukungalungi: Ukufakwa kukhawulelwe ngendawo yokwakha.

15.Inhlanganisela yombhoshongo wokuxhumana kanye nezithombe ze-drone

Ukuphakama kungalungiswa ngokusekelwe ekuminyana kwesixuku.

Izimo ezisebenzayo: imibukiso emikhulu, imicimbi yezemidlalo neminye imisebenzi ehlangene.

Izinzuzo: Engeza imojula yokuxhumana ngokuqondile endishini yezithombe zasemoyeni engenamuntu ukuze unikeze ukusekelwa kokuxhumana ezindaweni eziminyene phakathi kwemisebenzi yeqoqo.

Ububi: Impilo yebhethri enomkhawulo.