Isakhiwo sesiteshi esincane singaklanywa kusetshenziswa ukhonkolo noma insimbi, ngokucushwa okufana namafreyimu ephothali kanye nezakhiwo ezimise okuka-π. Ukukhetha futhi kuncike ekutheni imishini ihlelwe ngesendlalelo esisodwa noma izingqimba eziningi.

1. Ama-Transformer

Ama-Transformer ayimishini eyinhloko eziteshini ezincane futhi angahlukaniswa abe ama-transformer anamawindi amabili, ama-autotransformer amathathu, nama-autotransformers (abelana ngokujikajika kwawo womabili ama-voltage aphezulu naphansi, ngompompi othathwe kumawindi aphezulu kagesi ukuze asebenze njengephansi. ukukhishwa kwe-voltage). Amazinga kagesi alingana nenani lokuphenduka kuma-windings, kuyilapho amanje ahambisana ngokuphambene.

Ama-transformer angahlukaniswa ngokusekelwe emsebenzini wawo abe ama-step-up transformers (asetshenziselwa ukuthumela iziteshi ezincane) kanye nama-step-down transformers (asetshenziselwa ukwamukela iziteshi ezincane). I-voltage ye-transformer kufanele ihambisane ne-voltage yesistimu yamandla. Ukuze kugcinwe amazinga kagesi amukelekayo ngaphansi kwemithwalo ehlukahlukene, ama-transformer angase adinge ukushintsha ukuxhumana kompompi.

Ngokusekelwe endleleni yokushintsha kampompi, ama-transformer angahlukaniswa abe ama-on-load-tap-transformer kanye nama-off-load-transformer ashintshayo. Ama-in-load tap-changing transformer asetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko ekutholeni iziteshi ezincane.

2. Ama-Instrument Transformers

Ama-voltage transformer kanye nama-transformer amanje asebenza ngendlela efanayo kuma-transformer, aguqula amandla kagesi aphezulu kanye namaza amakhulu asuka kumishini namabhasi abe kumazinga aphansi kagesi kanye namanje afanele amathuluzi okulinganisa, ukuvikela ukudluliselwa, kanye namadivayisi okulawula. Ngaphansi kwezimo zokusebenza ezilinganiselwe, i-voltage yesibili ye-voltage transformer ingu-100V, kuyilapho i-second current ye-transformer yamanje ngokuvamile ingu-5A noma i-1A. Kubalulekile ukugwema ukuvula isifunda sesibili se-transformer yamanje, njengoba lokhu kungaholela ku-voltage ephezulu ebeka ubungozi kumishini nakubasebenzi.

3. Ukushintsha Izinsiza

Lokhu kuhlanganisa ama-circuit breaker, ama-isolator, ama-switch switch, nama-fuse ane-voltage ephezulu, asetshenziselwa ukuvula nokuvala amasekhethi. Izinqamuli zesekethe zisetshenziselwa ukuxhuma nokunqamula amasekhethi ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile nokuhlukanisa ngokuzenzakalela okokusebenza okunephutha nemigqa ngaphansi kokulawulwa kwemishini yokuvikela i-relay. E-China, ama-air circuit breaker kanye ne-sulphur hexafluoride (SF6) ama-circuit breaker avame ukusetshenziswa eziteshini ezincane ezilinganiselwe ngaphezu kuka-220kV.

Umsebenzi oyinhloko wama-isolator (ukushintshwa kommese) ukuhlukanisa i-voltage ngesikhathi sokulungiswa kwemishini noma umugqa ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuphepha. Azikwazi ukuphazamisa ukulayisha noma amaphutha futhi kufanele zisetshenziswe ngokuhambisana nama-circuit breaker. Ngesikhathi sokuphuma kwamandla, i-breaker circuit kufanele ivulwe ngaphambi kwe-isolator, futhi ngesikhathi sokubuyiselwa kwamandla, i-isolator kufanele ivalwe ngaphambi kwe-breaker circuit. Ukusebenza okungalungile kungaholela ekulimaleni kwemishini kanye nokulimala komuntu siqu.

Amaswishi okulayisha angaphazamisa amaza okulayisha ngesikhathi sokusebenza okuvamile kodwa aswele amandla okuphazamisa imisinga yamaphutha. Ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ngokuhambisana namafuse anamandla kagesi aphezulu kuma-transformer noma imigqa ephumayo elinganiselwe ku-10kV nangaphezulu engasebenzi njalo.

Ukunciphisa umkhondo weziteshi ezingaphansi, i-SF6-insulated switchgear (GIS) isetshenziswa kakhulu. Lobu buchwepheshe buhlanganisa ama-circuit breaker, ama-isolators, amabhasi, amaswishi aphansi, iziguquli zezinsimbi, kanye nokunqanyulwa kwekhebula kube iyunithi ehlangene, evalekile egcwele igesi ye-SF6 njengendawo yokuvikela. I-GIS inikeza izinzuzo ezifana nesakhiwo esihlangene, isisindo esingasindi, ukungavikeleki ezimweni zemvelo, izikhawu ezinwetshiwe zokulungisa, kanye nengozi encishisiwe yokushaqeka kukagesi nokuphazanyiswa komsindo. Ifakwe eziteshini ezincane ezifika ku-765kV. Kodwa-ke, kubiza kakhulu futhi kudinga amazinga aphezulu okukhiqiza nokugcinwa.

4. Izinsiza Zokuvikela Umbani

Iziteshi ezingaphansi ziphinde zifakwe izinto zokuvikela umbani, ikakhulukazi izinduku zombani kanye nezinto zokuvala ama-surge. Izinduku zombani zivimbela umbani oqondile ngokuqondisa amandla ombani emhlabathini. Uma umbani ushaya imigqa eseduze, ungabangela ukugcwala ngokweqile ngaphakathi kwesiteshi esincane. Ukwengeza, ukusebenza kwama-circuit breaker nakho kungabangela ukugcwala ngokweqile. Izibambisi ze-surgery zidedela phansi ngokuzenzakalelayo lapho i-overvoltage idlula umkhawulo othile, ngaleyo ndlela ivikela okokusebenza. Ngemuva kokukhipha, bacisha ngokushesha i-arc ukuze baqinisekise ukusebenza okujwayelekile kwesistimu, njengama-zinc oxide surge arresters.