Kungakhathalekile imigqa yamandla kagesi aphakeme naphansi kanye nemigqa evala phezulu ezenzakalelayo, kukhona ikakhulukazi ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo okulandelayo: isigxobo somugqa, isigxobo esinwetshiwe, i-tension rod, i-terminal pole nokunye.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwesakhiwo sezigxobo ezivamile:
(A)isigxobo somugqa oqondile- ebizwa nangokuthi isigxobo esiphakathi. Misa umugqa oqondile, isigxobo ngaphambi nangemva kocingo lohlobo olufanayo kanye nenani elilinganayo eduze kocingo ezinhlangothini zombili zokungezwani kuyalingana, kuphela ekunqamukeni komugqa ukumelana nokungezwani okungalingani ezinhlangothini zombili.
(B) i-tension rod - ulayini ungase wenzeke ekusebenzeni kwamaphutha olayini ophukile futhi wenze umbhoshongo ukuthi umelane nokushuba, ukuze uvimbele ukwanda kwephutha, kufanele ufakwe endaweni ethile ngamandla amakhulu emishini, akwazi ukumelana ukungezwani kombhoshongo, lo mbhoshongo ubizwa ngokuthi i-tension rod. Induku ye-tension ibekwe ohlangothini lomugqa, ukuze ukwazi ukuvimbela ukuphuka komugqa, iphutha lisakazeka kuwo wonke umugqa phezulu, futhi kuphela ukungalingani kokucindezeleka kunqunyelwe kumbuso phakathi kwenduku emibili yokucindezeleka. Ibanga eliphakathi kwezinduku ezimbili eziqinisayo ezibizwa ngokuthi isigaba sokuqina noma ibanga legiya elicindezelayo, izintambo zamandla ezinde ngokuvamile zihlinzeka ngekhilomitha elingu-1 lesigaba esicindezelayo, kodwa futhi ngokuya ngezimo zokusebenza okufanele zinwetshwe noma zifinyezwe. Ngo inani izintambo kanye cross-section indawo ishintshile, kodwa futhi ukusebenzisa induku tensioning.
(C)isigxobo sekhoneniushintsho ekuqondeni komugqa ongaphezulu wezakhiwo, isigxobo sekhoneni singamelana nokungezwani, singabuye sibe umugqa, ngokusho kombhoshongo olayishwe ucingo lwe-tension.
(D)i-terminal pole - umugqa ongaphezulu wesiqalo nesiphetho, ngoba isigxobo esibulalayo kuphela uhlangothi olulodwa lwe-conductor, ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile futhi kufanele zimelane nokungezwani, ngakho-ke ukufaka ikhebula.
Uhlobo lwe-conductor: i-steel-core aluminium stranded wire inamandla anele emishini, ukuhamba kahle kukagesi, isisindo esincane, intengo ephansi, ukumelana nokugqwala, isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yamandla aphezulu aphezulu.
Isilinganiso esincane se-cross-section sekhondatha asikho ngaphansi kuka-50mm² kolayini abazivalayo kanye no-50mm² ngokusebenzisa imigqa.
Iphimbo lomugqa: ukukhethwa kwephimbo kufanelekile ukuthatha izindawo zokuhlala emathafeni 60-80m, izindawo okungezona zokuhlala 65-90m, kodwa futhi ngokuya ngesimo sangempela esizeni.
Ukuguqulwa kwekhonda: umqhubi kufanele asebenzise sonke isigaba sokuguqulwa, njalo ngo-3-4km ukuguqulwa, isikhawu ngasinye ukuze kusungulwe umjikelezo wokuguqula, ngemva komjikelezo wokuguqula, ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwesiteshi esincane kufanele kugcinwe ekwethulweni kokusatshalaliswa okubili komakhelwane umugqa wesigaba esifanayo. Iqhaza: ukuvimbela ukuphazamiseka kokuxhumana okuseduze imigqa evulekile nemigqa yesignali; ukuvimbela i-voltage ngokweqile.

Ukuhlukaniswa kwezintambo zikagesi ezihamba phezulu, noma ngabe izintambo zamandla kagesi aphezulu, izintambo zamandla aphansi noma izintambo zokunqamula ezizenzakalelayo, zingahlukaniswa zibe lezi zinhlobo ezilandelayo: izigxobo eziqondile, izigxobo ezivundlile, izigxobo zokubopha kanye nezigxobo zokugcina.
1. Ukuhlukaniswa kwezakhiwo ezivamile zezigxobo zikagesi
Uhlobo olulodwa. Isigxobo esiqondile: Esaziwa nangokuthi isigxobo esimaphakathi, esifakwe engxenyeni eqondile, lapho uhlobo nenombolo yamakhondatha afanayo, ukungezwani kwezinhlangothi zombili zesigxobo kuyalingana. Imelana kuphela nokungezwani okungalingani ezinhlangothini zombili lapho umqhubi ephuka.
Ifakwe engxenyeni eqondile lapho abaqhubi behlobo olufanayo nenombolo. b. Izigxobo Ezimelana Nokucindezeleka: Uma umugqa unqanyulwa, ulayini ungase ube ngaphansi kwamandla aqinile. Ukuze uvimbele ukusabalala kwamaphutha, kuyadingeka ukuthi kufakwe izinduku ezinamandla amakhulu emishini futhi ezikwazi ukumelana nokungezwani ezindaweni ezithile, ezibizwa ngama-tension bar. Ama-tension rod ahlinzekwa nge-tension rods emgqeni ukuze avimbele ukusabalala kwamaphutha kanye nokunciphisa ukungalingani kwe-tension phakathi kwama-tension rod amabili. Ibanga eliphakathi kwama-tension rods amabili libizwa ngokuthi i-tension section noma i-tension span, evamise ukumiswa ku-1 km ngezintambo zikagesi ezinde, kodwa ingalungiswa ngokuvumelana nezimo zokusebenza. Ama-tension rod nawo asetshenziswa lapho inombolo ne-cross-section yamakhondatha ehluka khona.
c. Ama-engeli rods: Asetshenziswa njengoshintsho lwephoyinti lemigqa yamandla angaphezulu. Izigxobo ze-engeli zingacindezelwa noma zenziwe ileveli. Ukufakwa kwemigqa ye-tension kuncike ekucindezelekeni kwesigxobo.
d. Izikhala Zokunqamula: Zisetshenziswa ekuqaleni nasekupheleni kwelayini yamandla engaphezulu. Ngokuvamile, uhlangothi olulodwa lweposi letheminali lungaphansi kwe-tension futhi lufakwe intambo ye-tension.
Uhlobo lwe-Conductor: I-Aluminium core stranded wire (ACSR) isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yamandla kagesi aphezulu ngenxa yamandla ayo anele emishini, ukuhamba kahle kukagesi, isisindo esincane, izindleko eziphansi kanye nokumelana nokugqwala. Kolayini abangaphezulu kuka-10 kV, amakhondaktha ahlukaniswa ngamakhondaktha angenalutho kanye namakhondaktha afakiwe. Amakhondaktha avinjiwe ngokuvamile asetshenziswa ezindaweni ezinamahlathi nasezindaweni ezingenawo umhlabathi onganele.
I-conductor cross-section: Izintambo ezixhunywe ngensimbi ye-aluminium ene-cross-section encane engekho ngaphansi kuka-50mm² zivame ukusetshenziselwa imigqa yokuzivala kanye nangemigqa.
Ibanga lomugqa: Ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ezindaweni zokuhlala eziyisicaba yi-60-80m, kanti ibanga phakathi kwemigqa ezindaweni okungezona zokuhlala lingama-65-90m, elingalungiswa ngokuvumelana nesimo sangempela esizeni.
Ukuguqulwa kwekhondatha: Ikhondakta kufanele ihlehliswe ngokuphelele njalo ngemva kwamakhilomitha angu-3-4, futhi umjikelezo wokuhlehla kufanele usungulwe esigabeni ngasinye. Ngemva komjikelezo wokushintsha, isigaba sokuphakela kwesiteshi esincane esingumakhelwane kufanele sifane nesigaba ngaphambi kokwethulwa kwesiteshi esincane. Lokhu okokuvikela ukuthikamezeka ekuxhumaneni okuseduze nemigqa yamasignali kanye nokuvimbela ukugcwala ngokweqile.