Ezweni elithuthukayo lezokuxhumana, i-4Gimibhoshongo yezokuxhumanaziyingxenye ebalulekile ekuletheni i-inthanethi yeselula enesivinini esikhulu kanye nezinsiza zokuxhumana. Le mibhoshongo, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi imibhoshongo yokuxhumana nomatelecom monopoles, zenzelwe ukusekela ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kuxhunywe okungenazihibe. Ukuqonda ukuthi umbhoshongo we-4G ubukeka kanjani kunganikeza ukuqonda kokuthi amanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana esimanje asebenza kanjani.
Umbhoshongo ojwayelekile wezokuxhumana we-4G uyisakhiwo eside esime mpo, esingase sihluke ngedizayini nobude. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa imibhoshongo ye-lattice, imibhoshongo ye-monopole, nemibhoshongo engabonakali.Imibhoshongo ye-Latticezenziwe ngensimbi futhi zinezisekelo ezingunxantathu noma zesikwele ezinikeza ukuzinza namandla. Imibhoshongo ye-Monopole, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyisakhiwo esiyisilinda esisodwa ngokuvamile esijabulisa kakhulu futhi esithatha indawo encane yaphansi. Umbhoshongo ongabonakali uklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa endaweni, ukulingisa izihlahla noma ezinye izakhiwo ukuze unciphise umthelela obonakalayo.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ngokuvamile ihluka ngobude ukusuka kumafidi angama-50 kuye kwangama-200, kuye ngendawo esebenza kuyo kanye nokufakwa okudingekayo. Ubude bubalulekile ekwandiseni ububanzi besignali nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhoshongo ingakwazi ukuxhumana kahle namadivayisi eselula endaweni ebanzi.
Phezulu kombhoshongo wezokuxhumana we-4G, ngokuvamile uzothola ama-antenna amaningi. Lezi zimpondo zibalulekile ekudluliseni nasekutholeni amasignali. Umbhoshongo ojwayelekile we-4G ungase ube nezimpondo eziningi eziyisicaba, eziwunxande ezibekwe phezu kombhoshongo. Lawa ma-antenna anesibopho sokuthumela nokwamukela idatha kumadivayisi eselula, okuvumela ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngaphezu kwama-antenna, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ifakwe ezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imisakazo, ama-microwave antenna, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namaphaneli elanga ukuze asebenzise amandla kakhudlwana. Inhlanganisela yalezi zingxenye yenza umbhoshongo ukwazi ukuphatha amaza amaningi futhi unikeze isevisi ethembekile kubasebenzisi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemibhoshongo ye-telecom ye-4G kubaluleke kakhulu. I-Towers ivamise ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezindawo zamadolobha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani eliphezulu labasebenzisi lingakwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, zingatholakala nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ukuze zinwebe ukusabalala lapho okungenzeka zishoda khona. Indawo inqunywa izinto ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa indawo, ingqalasizinda ekhona, kanye nezidingo ezihlanganisayo zendawo ethile.
Ukugcina imibhoshongo ye-telecom ye-4G kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle. Ukugcina okokusebenza kusebenza kahle, ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, imibhoshongo ingase ifakwe kabusha ngemishini emisha ukuze isekele isivinini sedatha ephakeme kanye nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe, njengoshintsho olusuka ku-4G kuya kunethiwekhi ye-5G.
Ukufingqa, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ye-4G iyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yesimanje yezokuxhumana. Imiklamo yayo ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezakhiwo ezifana nama-monopoles nemibhoshongo yegridi, futhi zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Le mibhoshongo yezokuxhumana idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abantu namadivayisi ngokubeka ama-antenna kanye nezinto zokusebenza ukuze kwandiswe ukusabalala. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukubukeka nokusebenza kwemibhoshongo kuzozivumelanisa nezimo, kuqinisekise ukuthi sihlala sixhumekile emhlabeni owandayo wedijithali. Ukubona ukuthi umbhoshongo we-4G ubukeka kanjani akugcini nje ngokugqamisa ukubaluleka kwawo, kodwa futhi nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obusenza sonke sixhumeke.
Ezweni elithuthukayo lezokuxhumana, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ye-4G iyingxenye ebalulekile ekuletheni i-inthanethi yeselula enesivinini esikhulu kanye nezinsiza zokuxhumana. Le mibhoshongo, evame ukubizwa ngokuthi imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana noma ama-telecom monopoles, yakhelwe ukusekela ingqalasizinda edingekayo ukuze kuxhunywe okungenazihibe. Ukuqonda ukuthi umbhoshongo we-4G ubukeka kanjani kunganikeza ukuqonda kokuthi amanethiwekhi ezokuxhumana esimanje asebenza kanjani.
Umbhoshongo ojwayelekile wezokuxhumana we-4G uyisakhiwo eside esime mpo, esingahluka ngomklamo nobude. Izinhlobo ezivame kakhulu zihlanganisa imibhoshongo ye-lattice, imibhoshongo ye-monopole, nemibhoshongo engabonakali. Imibhoshongo ye-lattice yenziwe ngensimbi futhi inezisekelo ezingunxantathu noma zesikwele ezinikeza ukuzinza namandla. Imibhoshongo ye-Monopole, ngakolunye uhlangothi, iyisakhiwo esiyisilinda esisodwa ngokuvamile esijabulisa kakhulu futhi esithatha indawo encane yaphansi. Umbhoshongo ongabonakali uklanyelwe ukuhlanganisa endaweni, ukulingisa izihlahla noma ezinye izakhiwo ukuze unciphise umthelela obonakalayo.
Kungakhathalekile ukuthi hlobo luni, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ngokuvamile ihluka ngobude ukusuka kumafidi angama-50 kuye kwangama-200, kuye ngendawo esebenza kuyo kanye nokufakwa okudingekayo. Ubude bubalulekile ekwandiseni ububanzi besignali nokuqinisekisa ukuthi imibhoshongo ingakwazi ukuxhumana kahle namadivayisi eselula endaweni ebanzi.
Phezulu kombhoshongo wezokuxhumana we-4G, ngokuvamile uzothola ama-antenna amaningi. Lezi zimpondo zibalulekile ekudluliseni nasekutholeni amasignali. Umbhoshongo ojwayelekile we-4G ungase ube nezimpondo eziningi eziyisicaba, eziwunxande ezibekwe phezu kombhoshongo. Lawa ma-antenna anesibopho sokuthumela nokwamukela idatha kumadivayisi eselula, okuvumela ukufinyelela ku-inthanethi ngesivinini esikhulu.
Ngaphezu kwama-antenna, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ifakwe ezinye izinto ezihlukahlukene, okuhlanganisa imisakazo, ama-microwave antenna, futhi ngezinye izikhathi ngisho namaphaneli elanga ukuze asebenzise amandla kakhudlwana. Inhlanganisela yalezi zingxenye yenza umbhoshongo ukwazi ukuphatha amaza amaningi futhi unikeze isevisi ethembekile kubasebenzisi.
Ukusatshalaliswa kwemibhoshongo ye-telecom ye-4G kubaluleke kakhulu. I-Towers ivamise ukutholakala ezindaweni ezinabantu abaningi, njengezindawo zamadolobha, ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukuthi inani eliphezulu labasebenzisi lingakwazi ukufinyelela inethiwekhi. Kodwa-ke, zingatholakala nasezindaweni zasemaphandleni ukuze zinwebe ukusabalala lapho okungenzeka zishoda khona. Indawo inqunywa izinto ezihlukene, okuhlanganisa indawo, ingqalasizinda ekhona, kanye nezidingo ezihlanganisayo zendawo ethile.
Ukugcina imibhoshongo ye-telecom ye-4G kubalulekile ekuqinisekiseni ukusebenza kahle. Ukugcina okokusebenza kusebenza kahle, ukuhlolwa okuvamile nokuthuthukiswa kuyadingeka. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buthuthuka, imibhoshongo ingase ifakwe kabusha ngemishini emisha ukuze isekele isivinini sedatha ephakeme kanye nokuxhumana okuthuthukisiwe, njengoshintsho olusuka ku-4G kuya kunethiwekhi ye-5G.
Ukufingqa, imibhoshongo yezokuxhumana ye-4G iyingxenye ebalulekile yengqalasizinda yesimanje yezokuxhumana. Imiklamo yayo ihlanganisa izinhlobo ezihlukahlukene zezakhiwo ezifana nama-monopoles nemibhoshongo yegridi, futhi zenziwe ngendlela oyifisayo ukuhlangabezana nezidingo zokudluliswa kwedatha ngesivinini esikhulu. Le mibhoshongo yezokuxhumana idlala indima ebalulekile ekuxhumaniseni abantu namadivayisi ngokubeka ama-antenna kanye nezinto zokusebenza ukuze kwandiswe ukusabalala. Njengoba ubuchwepheshe buqhubeka nokuvela, ukubukeka nokusebenza kwemibhoshongo kuzozivumelanisa nezimo, kuqinisekise ukuthi sihlala sixhumekile emhlabeni owandayo wedijithali. Ukubona ukuthi umbhoshongo we-4G ubukeka kanjani akugcini nje ngokugqamisa ukubaluleka kwawo, kodwa futhi nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kobuchwepheshe bezokuxhumana obusenza sonke sixhumeke.
Isikhathi sokuthumela: Sep-29-2024
