Transmission tower,owaziwa nangokuthi umbhoshongo wolayini wokudlulisa, uyisakhiwo esinezinhlangothi ezintathu esisetshenziselwa ukusekela izintambo zikagesi ezihamba phezulu kanye nemigqa yokuvikela umbani ukuze kudluliswe amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu noma ama-ultra-high-voltage. Ngokombono wesakhiwo, imibhoshongo yokudlulisela ngokuvamile ihlukaniswa yabaimibhoshongo yensimbi ye-angle, imibhoshongo yensimbi yensimbikanye nemibhoshongo yensimbi enesisekelo esincane. Imibhoshongo yensimbi ye-engeli ivamise ukusetshenziswa ezindaweni zasemakhaya, kanti izigxobo zensimbi nezisekelo zamashubhu ensimbi zifaneleka kakhulu ezindaweni zasemadolobheni ngenxa yonyawo lwazo oluncane. Umsebenzi oyinhloko wemibhoshongo yokudlulisa ukusekela nokuvikela izintambo zikagesi kanye nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuzinzile kwesistimu yamandla. Bangakwazi ukumelana nesisindo nokushuba kwezintambo zokudlulisela futhi bahlakaze la mandla baye esisekelweni naphansi, ngaleyo ndlela baqinisekise ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwezintambo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, bavikela izintambo zokudlulisela emibhoshongweni, bavimbele ukuthi banganqamuki noma baphuke ngenxa yomoya noma ukuphazamiseka komuntu. Imibhoshongo yokudlulisela nayo yenziwe ngezinto zokuvikela ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukusebenza kwezintambo zokudlulisela, ukuvimbela ukuvuza nokuqinisekisa ukuphepha. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ukuphakama nokwakheka kwemibhoshongo yokudlulisela kungamelana nezinto ezimbi njengezinhlekelele zemvelo, kuqhubeke nokuqinisekisa ukusebenza okuphephile nokuzinzile kwezintambo zokudlulisela.

Kuye ngenhloso,imibhoshongo yokudluliselaingahlukaniswa ibe imibhoshongo yokudlulisela kanye nemibhoshongo yokusabalalisa. Imibhoshongo yokudlulisa isetshenziswa ikakhulukazi izintambo zokuhambisa amandla kagesi aphezulu ukuthutha amandla emishini kagesi iye eziteshini ezincane, kuyilapho imibhoshongo yokusabalalisa isetshenziselwa imigqa yokusabalalisa yamandla aphakathi nendawo naphansi ukuze kusatshalaliswe amandla asuka eziteshini ezincane aye kubasebenzisi abahlukahlukene. Ngokusho kokuphakama kombhoshongo, ungahlukaniswa ube umbhoshongo onama-voltage aphansi, umbhoshongo we-voltage ephezulu kanye nombhoshongo we-ultra-high voltage. Imibhoshongo yamandla aphansi isetshenziswa kakhulu emigqeni yokusabalalisa yamandla kagesi aphansi, enobude bombhoshongo ngokuvamile obungaphansi kwamamitha ayi-10; imibhoshongo yamandla kagesi aphezulu isetshenziselwa izintambo zikagesi zamandla kagesi, ezinobude obungaphezu kwamamitha angama-30; Imibhoshongo ye-UHV isetshenziselwa izintambo zokudlulisa amandla kagesi aphezulu kakhulu, ezinobude ngokuvamile obungaphezu kwamamitha angu-50. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokusho kokuma kombhoshongo, imibhoshongo yokudlulisela ingahlukaniswa ibe imibhoshongo yensimbi ye-angle, imibhoshongo yamashubhu ensimbi kanye nemibhoshongo kakhonkolo eqinisiwe.I-engeli yensimbikanye nemibhoshongo yensimbi yensimbi isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imigqa yokudlulisa yamandla kagesi aphezulu, kuyilapho imibhoshongo kakhonkolo eqinisiwe isetshenziselwa ikakhulukazi imigqa yokusabalalisa i-medium-and low-voltage.

Ngokutholakala nokusetshenziswa kukagesi, kusukela ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19 kuya ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, ugesi waqala ukusetshenziswa kabanzi ekukhanyiseni namandla, ngaleyo ndlela kwadala isidingo semibhoshongo yokudlulisela. Imibhoshongo yalesi sikhathi yayiyizakhiwo ezilula, ikakhulukazi ezakhiwe ngokhuni nensimbi, futhi zazisetshenziselwa ukusekela izintambo zikagesi zakuqala. Ngawo-1920s, ngokukhula okuqhubekayo kwegridi yamandla kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwamandla, kwavela izakhiwo zombhoshongo eziyinkimbinkimbi, njengemibhoshongo ye-engeli yensimbi. Imibhoshongo yaqala ukwamukela imiklamo esezingeni elifanele ukuze ivumelane nezindawo ezihlukahlukene nezimo zezulu. Ngemuva kweMpi Yezwe Yesibili, imboni ye-transmission tower yakhuthazwa nakakhulu isidingo sokwakha kabusha ingqalasizinda eyonakele kanye nokwanda kwesidingo sikagesi. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukuklanywa kombhoshongo kanye namasu okukhiqiza athuthuke kakhulu, ngensimbi enamandla amakhulu kanye nezindlela ezithuthuke kakhulu zokulwa nokugqwala. Ngaphezu kwalokho, izinhlobonhlobo zemibhoshongo yokudlulisela ziye zanda ukuze zihlangabezane nezidingo zamazinga kagesi ahlukene kanye nezindawo zendawo.

Ngawo-1980, ngokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe bekhompiyutha, ukuklama nokuhlaziywa kwemibhoshongo yokudlulisela kwaqala ukwenziwa idijithali, ukuthuthukisa ukusebenza kahle kokuklama nokunemba. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokuthuthuka kokuhwebelana kwembulunga yonke, imboni ye-transmission tower nayo isiqalile ukuhambela amazwe ngamazwe, futhi amabhizinisi ezizwe ngezizwe kanye namaphrojekthi wokubambisana kuvamile. Ingena ekhulwini lama-21, imboni ye-transmission tower iyaqhubeka nokubhekana nezinselelo namathuba ezinto ezintsha zobuchwepheshe. Ukusetshenziswa kwezinto ezintsha ezifana nama-aluminium alloys nezinto ezihlanganisiwe, kanye nokusetshenziswa kwama-drones nezinhlelo zokuqapha ezihlakaniphile, kuye kwathuthukisa kakhulu ukusebenza nokusebenza kahle kwemibhoshongo yokudlulisela. Ngesikhathi esifanayo, njengoba ukuqwashisa ngezemvelo emhlabeni wonke kuqhubeka nokwanda, imboni iphinde ihlole izindlela zokuklama ezihambisana nemvelo nezindlela zokukhiqiza, ezifana nokusebenzisa izinto ezisetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokunciphisa umthelela wokwakha endaweni yemvelo.

Izimboni ezikhuphukayo zeimibhoshongo yokudluliselaikakhulukazi ukukhiqizwa kwensimbi, ukukhiqizwa kwezinto zokwakha, kanye nokukhiqizwa kwemishini. Imboni yokukhiqiza insimbi inikeza izinto ezihlukahlukene zensimbi ezidingekayo emibhoshongweni yokudlulisela, kuhlanganise nensimbi ye-engeli, amapayipi ensimbi, kanye ne-rebar; imboni yokukhiqiza izinto zokwakha ihlinzeka ngokhonkolo, usimende nezinye izinto; futhi imboni yokukhiqiza imishini inikeza amathuluzi okwakha ahlukahlukene kanye namathuluzi okulungisa. Izinga lobuchwepheshe kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo yalezi zimboni ezikhuphuka nomfula kuthinta ngqo ikhwalithi nempilo yemibhoshongo yokudlulisa.

Ngokombono wezinhlelo zokusebenza ezansi nomfula,imibhoshongo yokudluliselazisetshenziswa kabanzi emkhakheni wokudlulisa nokusabalalisa amandla. Njengoba ukusetshenziswa kwemithombo yamandla avuselelekayo efana nelanga, umoya, namandla amancane aphehlwa ngamanzi kuqhubeka nokwanda, kanjalo nesidingo sama-microgrid, siqhubekisela phambili ukwanda kwemakethe yengqalasizinda yokudlulisela. Lo mkhuba ube nomthelela omuhle emakethe ye-transmission tower. Ngokwezibalo, ngonyaka wezi-2022, inani lemakethe lemboni yezokuthutha emhlabeni wonke lizofinyelela cishe ku-$28.19 billion, okuwukunyuka ngo-6.4% kusukela ngonyaka odlule. I-China yenze inqubekelaphambili ebalulekile ekuthuthukisweni kwamagridi ahlakaniphile nasekusetshenzisweni kobuchwepheshe bokudluliswa kwamandla kagesi aphezulu, okungagcinanga nje ngokuqhuba ukukhula kwemakethe yombhoshongo wasekhaya, kodwa futhi kuthinte ukwanda kwemakethe kuso sonke isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific. Ngenxa yalokhu, isifunda sase-Asia-Pacific sesiphenduke imakethe yabathengi enkulu kunazo zonke emhlabeni yemibhoshongo yokudlulisela, ebalwa cishe ingxenye yesabelo semakethe, cishe ama-47.2%. Kulandelwa izimakethe zaseYurophu naseNyakatho Melika, ezibalelwa ku-15.1% kanye nama-20.3% ngokulandelana.

Njengoba sibheke phambili ekusaseni, ngokutshalwa kwezimali okuqhubekayo ekuguqulweni kwegridi yamandla kanye nokwenza kwesimanjemanje, kanye nesidingo esikhulayo sokuhlinzekwa kukagesi ozinzile futhi ophephile, imakethe yombhoshongo wokudlulisa kulindeleke ukuthi igcine umfutho wayo wokukhula. Lezi zici zikhomba ukuthi imboni ye-transmission tower inekusasa eliqhakazile futhi isazoqhubeka nokuchuma emhlabeni jikelele. Ngo-2022, imboni ye-Transmission tower yase-China izofinyelela ukukhula okuphawulekayo, ngenani lemakethe eliphelele cishe lama-yuan ayizigidi eziyizinkulungwane ezingu-59.52, okukhuphuke ngo-8.6% ngaphezu konyaka odlule. Isidingo sangaphakathi semakethe ye-transmission tower yaseShayina ikakhulukazi siqukethe izingxenye ezimbili: ukwakhiwa kwezintambo ezintsha kanye nokunakekelwa nokuthuthukiswa kwezinsiza ezikhona. Njengamanje, imakethe yasekhaya ibuswa isidingo sokwakhiwa kolayini omusha; nokho, njengoba iminyaka yengqalasizinda kanye nesidingo sokuthuthukiswa sikhula, isabelo semakethe sokulungiswa kombhoshongo omdala nokushintshwa sikhula kancane kancane. Idatha yango-2022 ikhombisa ukuthi isabelo semakethe sokulondolozwa nokushintshwa kwezinsizakalo embonini yombhoshongo wezwe wami wokuthutha sesifinyelele ku-23.2%. Lo mkhuba ukhombisa isidingo sokuqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwegridi yamandla kagesi wasekhaya kanye nokukhula kokugcizelela ekuqinisekiseni ukwethembeka nokusebenza kahle kokudluliswa kukagesi. Ngokukhuthazwa kwamasu kukahulumeni waseShayina wokulungiswa kwesakhiwo samandla kanye nokwakhiwa kwegridi ehlakaniphile, imboni ye-transmission tower kulindeleke ukuthi iqhubeke nokugcina isizinda sokukhula esizinzile eminyakeni embalwa ezayo.